Movie Analysis The Movie Starts With Klimt - 1040 Words

1. This movies employs an unreliable and omniscient narration. This film is not structured chronological, but rather takes on the role of square dancing. Therefore, the movie starts with Klimt on a bed in the hospital and the last scene is him, dead, on the same bed. Moreover, the second scene is Klimt being in cafe society event with cake being a recurring object and the scene before he dies focuses on a table full of cakes in that same event. 2. The point of view presented is through a combination of Klimt’s and of Schiele’s. This is represented with the camera angle of the scene right before where Klimt s hallucinations based on his life are shown. The camera directs to Klimt pointing at the mirror which Schiele nears it, and then it ripples into Klimt’s life. Both of these artists’ style is mostly absurd and distorted, which reflects the way their mind is working, and because of this, it does to an extent hinder the objective of the film. 3. There are three distinct main characters in this film. They include Gustav Klimt the artist, Midi the fashion designer and a life companion of Klimt and Schiele who is Klimt’s protege. There is a fourth main character that is mentioned by the name of Lea De Castro an actress from George Milenes’ movie, where Klimt falls â€Å"in love† with her. However, there is no certainty that she is a real person as she is portrayed in doubles. Moreover, Klimt saw her as a ‘perfect’ woman, which opposes his view represented his paintings. He

Informative Essay About Cancer - 691 Words

Cancer is a word that no one wants to hear or think about, however there are many people that are faced with this ugly word every day. The denotative definition of cancer is a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites. To many Americans cancer is so much more than this definition, it is estimated that 1,638,910 men and women will be diagnosed with cancer in 2012 according to the national cancer institute. When someone is diagnosed with cancer it affects many aspects in their life such as physical health, mental health, and emotional health. Cancer affects a person’s physical health tremulously. Depending on if a person†¦show more content†¦The fact that a person has cancer could very well put them in a depressed state. Another mental hazard that is directly caused by having cancer is anxiety. Cancer is a word that gets people very anxious; anxious to know whatâ₠¬â„¢s going to happen how did this happen what to do ect†¦ mental health is necessary to have when dealing with a life changing disease, most people cannot keep their head level enough to stay in a sane mind set. Cancer has the most affect on the emotional health. Cancer not only affects the patient directly but also friends and family. From an emotional stand point cancer is the worst thing that could happen to a person. It is a disease that is packed with emotions and feeling. Those who are diagnosed with this disease are mostly flabbergasted with pain of the heart and disbelief. The patients often think what will happen to them and how are they going to get through this horrible disease. Family and friends are affected because they have to watch their loved one go through this hardship. When I interviewed Kelly Mitchell about her Aunt Deena dying from cancer she said â€Å"The hardest part for me was to watch my aunt go from such a strong women in every way to a britt le little lady who had lost all hope of getting better, I really believe that if she had maintained good emotional health she would have lived a lot longer orShow MoreRelatedThe Business of Developing New Drugs for Cancer Patients Essay611 Words   |  3 Pagescommunication specialist) to write an informative white paper about the business of developing new drugs for cancer patients. The content will be turned into a brochure for the public describing the four (4) major issues: economic situation, special needs (e.g., health) of the population being served, process, and benefits of the program. She asked you to include two (2) visuals to illustrate the issues. If you wear pink for Cancer than this is for you! Cancer killer the newest Drug that kills itRead MoreBreastfeeding Should Be Practiced More Frequently?1013 Words   |  5 Pages In her persuasive research essay, Alyssa Schow argues that breastfeeding should be practiced more frequently because of the benefits it has. It was a very interesting essay for me to read because it was so informative. Not only did Alyssa Schow present her viewpoint, but she accurately presents alternate points of view and responds to them. Although I wish that she added more personal commentary, the general point that got across was that breastfeeding has positive effects for both the child andRead MoreClimate Change Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Issues Everyone talks about climate change and how the Earth is slowly deteriorating, but no one seems to have specific examples. In Linnea Saukko’s â€Å"How to Poison the Earth,† she does use specific examples of what is causing climate change. She uses satire with a hint of sarcasm in her essay. She gives the reader specific examples of how to poison the Earth, but not really wanting to poison the Earth. Gretel Ehrlich writes her essay, â€Å"Chronicles of Ice,† a little differentlyRead MoreWhat ´s the Difference Between Hookah and Cigarettes? Essay579 Words   |  3 Pagessmoking, I was always curious to find out. Some of the questions I would ask myself, like which is more popular, which one is worse for you, what they are made of besides the obvious tobacco, and what the long term effects of both are. So this informative essay will be answering these very questions. Tobacco has been around for a long time, dating as far back as the Mayans in 600 to 900 A.D. (Unit 1: History of Tobacco, Worlded.org). In recent years tobacco has become much more popular with the youngerRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Coffee956 Words   |  4 PagesThe Health Benefits of Coffee An informative essay presented to Dr. Marianne Jennifer M. Gaerlan Department of English and Applied Linguistics De La Salle University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for ENGLCOM Term 1, AY 2012-2013 By: Divina Kristina S. Red V24B 14 August 2012 Have you ever questioned the existence of coffee or even wondered what it contains? Coffee is a drink that most people of today are familiar with and it is not just yourRead MoreArgumentative Essays About Obesity1560 Words   |  7 Pagesfood industry is Super-Size me that documentary, that might give you some more ideas about arguments, to look into some of the issues that Morgan Spurlock touches on, (size of food portions, advertising, health related problems of obesity, etc..) Obesity in AmericaWhen people think about health what usually comes up is cancer, or some kind of disease that will hold you back. Not many people really think about one of the biggest issues out there that people don’t really take serious. It’s calledRead More A Critique of Thank You for Smoking? Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesA Critique of â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† Peter Brimelow’s article â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† is an essay that looks at a rather extreme perspective on smoking. Brimelow starts off by describing the many actions that are taken against the tobacco industry; he writes that in some states, the government is trying to make the tobacco industry pay certain health care costs. However, he then goes on to state that smoking may actually be good for one’s health. He uses various sources to show thatRead MoreMy Mother And The Loss Of Her1250 Words   |  5 Pageseither parent is heart wrenching. However, this essay involves the loss of my mother. At the age of fifty-eight she transition from earth to heaven due to breast cancer. The journey begins knowing that my mom had some good days and some not-so-good days when it came to her health over the years. With time and circumstances surrounding her health, her health got worst. I believe that my mom knew all along that there was a possibility that she had cancer. Mom refused to go to the doctor several timesRead MoreEssay on Medicinal Marijuana Should Be Legal690 Words   |  3 Pagesneeded. There are a few basic reasons why marijuana should be legal, and although there are nay sayers , no one can deny facts. People who try to protest the use of marijuana usually have not done their research on the subject. In this essay, I will present you the facts so you the reader can make your own decisions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When you watch the news there are many stories that involve marijuana use, and violence such as the story presented in the New YorkRead MoreIs Recreational Therapy Is Based Off Of Recreational Exercises1143 Words   |  5 Pagesof exercise/leisure activities and awareness of social anxiety and other disorders. The focus of forum number 1, titled Initial Investigation of Comfort Levels, Motivations, and Attitudes of Volunteers During Therapeutic Recreation Programs is about the hardships that individuals with disabilities are forced to overcome. The general public s negative attitudes of individuals with disabilities continues to be a problem . Therefore it is wise for there to be recreation programs in the community

Racial Diversity free essay sample

Associate Program Material Racial Diversity in Society Worksheet Part I Complete the following using the MySocLab Social Explorer Map: Income Inequality by Race (located on the student website) as a reference: †¢ Select 1 racial group from the list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian †¢ Write a 150- to 300-word summary of the economic, social, and political standings of that group. Use additional resources if necessary, from the University Library or your textbooks. Provide citations for all the sources you use. As we all know in history we have noticed that the white race has been the most dominant and the most successful races in our history. Since the beginning of time the Europeans were very successful with importing and exporting of goods. Most of the successful businesses are ran by the white race who are still trying to expand their businesses in other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Diversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When it comes social most white people fit some of the stereotypes given to them. An example of this is that they are known to be very polite with any person they meet and try to help them as much as they can to the best of their abilities. In the political standings most of our presidents, congressmen, and senates are of the white race. This is something has been seen ever since the government was established. The white race is known to have the biggest influence over every other political system in the world. Part II Answer the following in 50 to 150 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is racism? In what ways does racism affect diversity? Racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Racism affects diversity by creating separate groups of different races. This would cause conflict between the same race that split into different sections. How do racial groups interact in contemporary America? Are interactions positive, negative, or neutral? Support your response using proper citations. The interaction of racial groups in America all depends on the type of situation or conversation they are having. There are times where certain interactions between people are positive, negative or neutral it mostly depends on the topic or situation that is going on. Some situations can turn out bad and others can actually cause a positive change in a person’s thought process of something. Are there existing social inequities based on race? Why or why not? There are social in equalities based on race today especially when it comes to minorities coming into the country. We see on the news and hear stories of minorities who are trying to make a difference in their lives and get judged just because they might of come to this countrie illegally. What do you believe to be the causes of racial prejudice and discrimination in today’s society? I feel that the cause of racial prejudice and discrimination in today’s society is that many people like to follow what others do and feel that by them joining in on the prejudice that they will get accepted. Also I feel that assumption plays a role in this because a lot of people like to judge others on things they do or the way they dress or even by just the way the person looks.

Procrastination Essays - Human Behavior, Motivation, Anxiety

Procrastination $115 Designer Cosmetic Collection From Cosmetique -- Only $1! Procrastination One of the biggest reasons why assignments get a bad mark or are incomplete is because of procrastination. Procrastination has a bad effect on work, and on you. When you procrastinate you don't learn how to discipline yourself, the quality of work suffers, and you get stressed out. The first reason why procrastination is bad is because the quality of work suffers. Sometimes an assignment needs to be proof read first. If you procrastinate you will be more inclined to skip this important step. Another big problem is that you run out of ideas. At one sitting ideas don't come as freely as they do over several days. People who leave assignments to the last minute are more likely to resort to cheating. When an assignment is left to the last minute, you worry more and cheating and cutting curners happens a lot more. Procrastination also affects the quality of work because your assignments looks hurried and just thrown together. Another danger that comes with procrastination is an increase in stress. When an assignment is left to the last minute, it lingers in the back of your mind the whole time. Once the day arrives that you must do it, any other plans must be put on hold. You end up being frustrated and upset with yourself, and the teacher. If several assignments are due at the same time the stress increases even more. Not only do you have to rush to get everything done, you have to worry about whether you'll get it finished in time. Stress also increases when you procrastinate because you start to doubt yourself. When you make up your mind that you won't leave the next assignment until the last minute, and you end up doing it, you get frustrated and upset with yourself. The last and most important reason is because you learn poor work habits. As you further your education you will no longer be able to leave things to the last minute. As assignments get bigger they require more planning and thought; if you haven't learned the skills to plan before, these assignments won't get done properly. When you make excuses to put off assignments, you learn to make excuses for other things as well. You'll start making excuses to cheat on your diet, or quit exercising. This is a bad pattern to get into, you start to realize that you won't get it done early so why bother trying. Once you start to doubt yourself you self-confidence drops and all kinds of other problems start to happen. When you procrastinate a lot of bad things can happen. You don't learn to discipline yourself, your work suffers, and you get stressed out. Prcrastination is dangerous, you fool yourself by thinking up reasons to wait one more week or one more day. The worst thing is, is that procrastination is so easy to stop. You just have to quit being lazy, make up your mind to get it done, and just do it!

Free Essays on Stress And Your Heart

Human beings often refer to emotional distress as heartache. Whether it is clogged arteries, high blood pressure, or a heart attack, your heart is a constantly abused body organ. Physical ailments as well as other symptoms often affect the heart in a negative way. These other symptoms could be developed from work- related stress, being â€Å"broken-hearted†, or even being out of shape. The question remains however, how can one help yourself have a â€Å"happy heart.† Many individuals have perished from existence because of these â€Å"heartaches†, but by taking part in stress-reducing activities, taking a few minutes out of our day to remember those we love, and concentrating on keeping strong social bonds will allow everyone to more fully enjoy life. Every day people suffer from symptoms such as stress, and grief. Some others suffer even more difficult symptoms. Regardless of the ailment, our concentration should be on helping your heart mend. First, consider stress-reducing activities like yoga, and meditation. This sort of activity directly affects the cardiac risk, which reduce the levels of stress hormones. It is not surprising that in the helter-skelter world there are so many physical injuries reported to stress. For instance, During a study in Finland researchers followed workers who suffered from major career cutbacks. Their findings revealed that â€Å"those in work units with the most downsizing suffered twice the death rate from heart attack and stroke.† It is scary in this world to come to the realization that life-altering incidents have an uncontrollable affect on the human body-especially the heart. However, for this reason exactly is why more and more people are taking the suggestions of scientist s more seriously. Anne Underwood, a journalist from Newsweek suggests in her article â€Å"For a Happy Heart,† that these stress reducing activities not only help lower levels of stress, but that the give participa... Free Essays on Stress And Your Heart Free Essays on Stress And Your Heart Human beings often refer to emotional distress as heartache. Whether it is clogged arteries, high blood pressure, or a heart attack, your heart is a constantly abused body organ. Physical ailments as well as other symptoms often affect the heart in a negative way. These other symptoms could be developed from work- related stress, being â€Å"broken-hearted†, or even being out of shape. The question remains however, how can one help yourself have a â€Å"happy heart.† Many individuals have perished from existence because of these â€Å"heartaches†, but by taking part in stress-reducing activities, taking a few minutes out of our day to remember those we love, and concentrating on keeping strong social bonds will allow everyone to more fully enjoy life. Every day people suffer from symptoms such as stress, and grief. Some others suffer even more difficult symptoms. Regardless of the ailment, our concentration should be on helping your heart mend. First, consider stress-reducing activities like yoga, and meditation. This sort of activity directly affects the cardiac risk, which reduce the levels of stress hormones. It is not surprising that in the helter-skelter world there are so many physical injuries reported to stress. For instance, During a study in Finland researchers followed workers who suffered from major career cutbacks. Their findings revealed that â€Å"those in work units with the most downsizing suffered twice the death rate from heart attack and stroke.† It is scary in this world to come to the realization that life-altering incidents have an uncontrollable affect on the human body-especially the heart. However, for this reason exactly is why more and more people are taking the suggestions of scientist s more seriously. Anne Underwood, a journalist from Newsweek suggests in her article â€Å"For a Happy Heart,† that these stress reducing activities not only help lower levels of stress, but that the give participa...

Examples Demonstrate Use of Subjunctive Mood in Spanish

Examples Demonstrate Use of Subjunctive Mood in Spanish The subjunctive mood can be daunting for English speakers learning Spanish - mostly because even though English has a subjunctive mood  we dont use its distinctive forms very often. Therefore, the subjunctive can often be learned best by studying examples of its use. What Is the Subjunctive Mood? Lets start with the basics: First of all, the mood (sometimes called the mode) of the verb expresses either the speakers attitude toward the verb or describes how it is used in a sentence. The most common mood, the indicative mood, is used to refer to what is real, to state facts, to make declarations. For example, the verb in Leo el libro (I am reading the book) is in the indicative mood. In contrast, the subjunctive mood is typically used in such a way that the verbs meaning relates to how the speaker feels about it. In the sentence Espero que està © feliz (I hope that she is happy), the second verb (està © or is) may or may not be reality; what is important here is the speakers attitude toward the second  half of the sentence. Examples of the Subjunctive Mood How the subjunctive is used can best be seen through examples of various uses. In these sample sentences, the Spanish verbs are all in the subjunctive mood, although the English verbs may not be: Quiero que no tengas frà ­o. (I want you to not be cold. Its irrelevant whether the person is cold or not. The sentence expresses a wish, not necessarily reality.)Siento que tengas frà ­o. (Im sorry you are cold. The sentence expresses the speakers emotions about a perceived reality. What is important in this sentence is the speakers feelings, not whether the other person is cold.)Te doy mi chaqueta para que no tengas frà ­o. (Im giving you my coat so you wont be cold. The sentence expresses the speakers intent, not necessarily reality.)Se permite que lleven chaquetas allà ­. (People are allowed to wear jackets there. The phrase expresses permission for an action to take place.)Di a ella que lleve una chaqueta. (Tell her to wear her jacket. This expresses a command or wish of the speaker.)Es preferible que ustedes no viajen maà ±ana a Londres. (It is preferable that you dont travel to London tomorrow. This subjunctive is often used in giving advice.)No hay nadie que tenga frà ­ o. (Nobody is cold. This is an expression of a negation of the action in a subordinate clause.) Tal vez tenga frà ­o. (Perhaps he is cold.) This is an expression of doubt.Si yo fuera un rico, tocarà ­a el violà ­n. (If I were a rich man, I would play the fiddle. This is an expression of a statement contrary to fact. Note that in this English translation, were is also in the subjunctive mood.) Example Sentences Contrasting Subjunctive and Indicative Moods These sentence pairs show show differences between the indicative and subjunctive. Note how in most of the examples the English verb form is the same in translating the two Spanish moods. Indicative: Es cierto que sale tarde. (It is definite that she is leaving late.)Subjunctive: Es imposible que salga tarde. Es probable que salga tarde. (It is impossible that she is leaving late. It is likely that she will leave late.)Explanation: In the indicative sentence, the early departure is presented as fact. In the others, it is not.) Indicative: Busco el carro barato que funciona. (Im looking for the cheap car that works.)Subjunctive: Busco un carro barato que funcione. (Im looking for a cheap car that works.)Explanation: In the first example, the speaker knows that there is a car that matches the description, so the indicative is used as an expression of reality. In the second example, there is doubt that such a car exists, so the subjunctive is used. Indicative: Creo que la visitante es Ana. (I believe the visitor is Ana.)Subjunctive: No creo que la visitante sea Ana. (I dont believe the visitor is Ana.)Explanation: The subjunctive is used in the second example because the subordinate clause is negated by the main clause. Generally, the indicative is used with creer que or pensar que, while the subjunctive is used with no creer que or no pensar que. Indicative: Es obvio que tienes dinero. (It is obvious you have money.)Subjunctive: Es bueno que tengas dinero. (It is good you have money.)Explanation: The indicative is used in the first example because it expresses reality or apparent reality. The subjunctive is used in the other example because the sentence is a reaction to the statement in the subordinate clause. Indicative: Habla bien porque es experto. (He speaks well because hes an expert.)Subjunctive: Habla bien como si fuera experto. (He speaks well as if he were expert.)Explanation: The subjunctive is used in the second example because its irrelevant to the sentence whether hes an expert, although the sentence suggests that he isnt. Indicative: Quizs lo pueden hacer. (Perhaps they can do it (and Im sure of it.))Subjunctive: Quizs lo puedan hacer. (Perhaps they can do it (but I doubt it.))Explanation: In a sentence such as this, the subjunctive is used to emphasize uncertainty or doubt, the indicative to emphasize certainty. Note how the Spanish verb form is used to indicate an attitude that might need further explanation in English. Indicative: Hay polà ­ticos que tienen coraje. (There are politicians who have courage.)Subjunctive:  ¿Hay polà ­ticos que tengan coraje? (Are there politicians with courage?)Explanation: The subjunctive is used in the second example to express doubt, and it is not clear that the subject of the sentence  exists in reality. Indicative: Llegarà © aunque mi carro no funciona. (I will arrive even though my car isnt running.)Subjunctive: Llegarà © aunque mi carro no funcione. (I will arrive even if my car isnt running.)Explanation: The indicative is used in the first sentence because the speaker knows his car isnt working. In the second sentence, the speaker doesnt know whether it is running, so the subjunctive is used. Indicative: La pirmide se ha reconstruido por el gobierno provincial.. (The pyramid has been restored by the provincial government.)Subjunctive: Estoy feliz que la pirmide se haya reconstruido. (I am happy that the pyramid has been restored.)Explanation: The indicative is used in the first sentence because it is a direct statement of fact. The main point of the second example is the speakers reaction to the event, so the subjunctive is used.) Indicative: Cuando ests conmigo se llena mi corazà ³n.  (When you are with me my heart is full.)Subjunctive: Cuando està ©s conmigo iremos por un helado. (When you are with me we will go for an ice cream.)Explanation: When the indicative is used with cuando in a sentence of the type in the first example, it refers to a recurring action. The use of the subjunctive in the second example indicates that the event has yet to take place. A note about English use of the subjunctive The subjunctive was once used in English more than it is today, and today it is used more frequently in formal speech than in everyday use. Cases where it is still used in English might help you remember some of the instances where it is used in Spanish. Contrary-to-fact condition: If I were the president, Id keep us out of war.Expression of a desire: I would like it if he were my father.Expressions of request or advice: I insist that he go. We recommended that he fill out the form. In all the above cases, a straightforward translation to Spanish would likely use the subjunctive mood. But remember that there are numerous instances where the subjunctive is used in Spanish where we make no distinction in English.

Wetlands Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wetlands - Research Proposal Example Other reptiles, mammals and birds have not only made wetlands their habitats but also a breeding site (Russo, 2008). The wetlands act as a sponge in trapping runoff water during a rainy storm and as the water is released slowly it is filtered thus removing toxic substances. Water will move through the plants and the small spaces in the soil allowing nutrients to be absorbed while pollutants will be trapped. Although seventy five percent of the earth surface is covered by water, there is only three percent of fresh water. Therefore, it is important to seek alternative ways of purifying water for the six billion people in this planet to consume. This research will test the hypothesis that water at the end of the river will be cleaner than at the beginning. I will evaluate if the ecological environment around the river will clean the water as it flows downstream. The study will test if wetlands can reduce the amount of toxins carried away in water runoff by using its plants and other micro-organisms in the purification process. The Passaic river has several swamps and meanders thus making it appropriate for the research study. The research will seek to identify which types of plants or organisms will be crucial in minimizing pollutants. Different plants will have varying results in the amounts of reduced chemicals; therefore the study will establish the type of plants in the wetlands that removed the chemicals more efficiently. Likewise, it is important to establish the effect of the toxins on habitats of the wetlands and the harm caused by continuous drainage of metals into saturated ground water. Wetlands can be classified differently using the system developed by Cowardin that divides wetlands according to the aquatic environment they are connected to. They are categorizes as: Marine wetlands that are found in seawaters, Estuarines that

Mobile Collaboration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 22

Mobile Collaboration - Essay Example   In the past years, the existing research focus is on the changing and evolving of wireless mobile computing technologies for human to machine and human to human collaborations. This collaborations has led to many IT leaders giving much attention to the extension of collaboration from desktop computers to mobile phones (Cisco, 2013). To increase the implementation of amalgamated communications, IDG Enterprise Survey indicate more than 67% of IT leaders are preparering to invest in the competences of communication. In other words, types of mobile collaborations have increased, ranging from helping children in reading to business to increase or better firm’s performance. Despite the advantages retrieved from mobile collaboration, there many challenges which are faced in the implementation stage. However, Cisco Mobile Collaboration Management Services offers solutions to such challenges especially to the IT leaders. According to Cisco (2013), if at all IT organizations would need to manage, secure and spread the collaboration knowledge on mobile devices as well as streamline mobile collaboration management, the best way is to adopt cloud-based mobile device and application. To streamline mobile collaboration management, the cloud-based mobile enables flexibility to scale, rapid deployment and increases support for new devices (Cisco, 2013). The model also offers hasty registration and WI-FI, Email, VPN for all company devices. Conversely, with the cloud model, IT organizations can alleviate security and acquiescence risks by locating and wiping out data for stolen or lost devices, and also enforces and administers passwords, encryption as well as loc k down security policies OTA. Nonetheless, in the education sector, mobile collaboration is also playing an important role.

The Gender Theory Essay Example for Free

The Gender Theory Essay Shopping is something that can be quickly defined as a woman’s paradise or â€Å"realm of expertise†. It has often been said that women spend more time and money shopping that men spend time and money shopping. In my experiment, I will go to Costco and choose five people at random. I intend to prove that women will spend more time and money shopping at Costco than men will spend time and money at Costco. I also intend to prove that more women will need assistance with placing their items in their vehicles than men will need assistance with placing their items in their vehicles. The gender role theory played a significant role in this experiment. In the theory, women assume the role of the nurturer and caregiver. Men, on the other hand, assume the role of the protector and the aggressor. Subject A- Female (37) 1. Time spent in Costco- two hours. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $149. 27. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No Subject B- Female (52) 1. Time spent in Costco- one hour. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $50. 12. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No Venus vs. Mars 3 Subject C- Male (31) 1. Time spent in Costco- three hours and thirty minutes. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $412. 92. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? Yes Subject D- Male (47) 1. Time spent in Costco- three hours. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $371. 58. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? Yes Subject E- Male (22) 1. Time spent in Costco- twenty minutes. 2. Amount spent in Costco- $22. 12. 3. Assistance needed with placing items in vehicle? No The gender role theory was switched with the test subjects. The women, Subjects A and B, were defensive when approached for the experiment. They both were short and to the point with their answers. They were both aggressive to the point wherein they asked me to stand at least an arms length away from them. The men, on the other hand, were quite the opposite. Subjects C and D both were inviting and talkative. They both shook my hand and held lengthy conversations with me after I assisted them with placing the items in their respective vehicles. Subject E behaved the same way as Subjects A and B. Venus vs. Mars 4 The expected outcome did not occur. Out of the five test subjects, the men spent more time and money shopping at Costco. The men, for the most part, were the ones who required assistance with placing their belongings in their vehicles. If this experiment were to be performed again, more test subjects should be used in order to have a basis for proving or disproving the gender theory.

Spiritual Emptiness in Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Essay

Ernest Hemingway's short story, "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place," first published in 1933, is written in his characteristic terse, unembellished style. The definition of "Style" is "the characteristics of language in a particular story and . . . the same characteristics in a writer's complete works" (Gioa and Gwynn, "Style" 861). Short words and a curt tone are so characteristic of Hemingway's style that writers frequently parody them in "International Imitation Hemingway" contests (Gioa and Gwynn, "Style" 861). But Hemingway could only his express this story's theme -- that there is nothing beyond the here and now of daily existence, no God to embellish our lives -- in an unembellished style of writing. The somewhat empty style of this short story is not "Imitation Hemingway"; it's consistent with the story's theme of spiritual emptiness. Almost thirty lines of "A Clean Well-Lighted Place" are pure dialogue with few clues, other than what is said, about who is speaking. In the rest of the story, the percentage of words with more than two syllables is very low. Some biographers point out that Hemingway learned his rules of writing working for the Kansas City Star, whose style-book admonished reporters to "Use short sentences. Use short first paragraphs. Use vigorous English, not forgetting to strive for smoothness" (qtd. in Desnoyers 2). Was the curt style of "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" caused only by Hemingway's having learned writing from a newspaper style-book? He later said about those newspaper rules, "Those were the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing. I've never forgotten them. No man with any talent, who feels and writes truly about the thing he is trying to say, can fail to write wel... .... "One True Sentence." The Longman Masters of Short Fiction. Eds. Dana Gioia and R.S. Gwynn. New York: Longman, 2002. 375-376. Desnoyers, Megan Floyd. "Ernest Hemingway: A Storyteller's Legacy." The Ernest Hemingway Collection. 12 December 2002. John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. 20 August 2003. . Gioia, Dana, and R.S. Gwynn. "Ernest Hemingway." The Longman Masters of Short Fiction. Eds. Dana Gioia and R.S. Gwynn. New York: Longman, 2002. 370-372. Gioia, Dana, and R.S. Gwynn. "Style." The Longman Masters of Short Fiction. Eds. Dana Gioia and R.S. Gwynn. New York: Longman, 2002. 861-862. The Hemingway Resource Center. "Ernest Hemmingway Biography>Key West." The Hemingway Resource Center. LostGeneration.com. 20 August 2003. .

Introduction Of Payroll information Management System Essay

The electronic and computerized Payroll System and at the same time information management system will not only offer exact calculations and accurate data of designated employees but it will also implement security measures and confidentiality of the files and accordingly arrange documents provided by an ingenious and quick-witted database that will indeed construct a paperless environment. With the aspiring technologies been thought up today, this minimize the burden and heavy loads of labor of the employees designated in the human resource management office of a certain company or institutions. Statement of the Problem The EVSU – Human Resource Management Office carries out different functions where it comprises manpower planning, job analysis and description, determining wages and salaries and welfare to each employed individual in the institution. As a result, the proponent’s interest to conduct an observation has led them to apprehend the EVSU – Human Resource Management Office present problems: 1. What are the common problems do the employees of EVSU-HRMO encounter in their current system? 2. Who are the employees that will use the entire system? 3. What are the advantages of the system that will help the employees? 4. What are the benefits can be derived from a payroll information management system? 5. How far this system could ensure the different payroll calculations proficiently and generate the desired and precise payroll transaction outputs? Theoretical Framework The proposed project needs a lot of help to things such as software, database and others that will make it possible to be developed. The reason of why these inventions had occurred is the innovative minds of people who saw the advantage of making such inventions to help not only the community but also the individuals to make and establish their own works that will  soon be made known in the whole world. MySQL is the world most used open source relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to number of databases. It is also a popular choice of database for use in web applications. The proponents used the MySQL as the database since the developed system requires intensive data management that requires fast and reliable database that can handle masses of records for the Savers Gas Corporation. Microsoft Visual Basic is a third-generation programming language and an integrated development environment that has been developed by Microsoft. The Visual Basic was derived from BASIC, a high-level programming language, and it enables the rapid application development of graphical user interface applications. The proponents used the Visual Basic since developing a transaction processing systems using this programming language is easier. It has all the components and tools that can be used for the development of the system. it is also ideal for the prototyping model of system development. MYSQL Database. The proponents used the MySQL as the database and backend since the developed system requires intensive data management that requires fast and reliable database that can handle masses of records for the payroll information management system VB.Net Programming Language. Visual Basic is Microsoft’s high-level object-oriented rapid application development environment for the Windows platform. The first versions of Visual Basic were intended to target Windows 3.0 (a version for DOS existed as well), however it was not until version 3.0 for Windows 3.1 that this programming language gained large-scale acceptance in the shareware and corporate programming community. Using drawing tools that resemble those found in hardcopy page layout programs or Photoshop, VB programmers make user interfaces by drawing controls and other UI components onto forms. The programmer then adds code to respond to user interactions with the controls (for example, clicks, drag and drop, etc) known as events. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET/The_Visual_Studio_Integrated_Development_Environment Local Area Networks (LANs). The advent of personal computers changed the type of information sent over office computer networks. Terminals were no longer â€Å"dumb,† but contained the power to perform their own instructions and maintain their own memories. This took considerable pressure off mainframe devices, whose energies could now be devoted to more complex tasks. LANs allowed for the transmission of data between workers. In turn, they enabled this shared data to be directed to a common printer, serving a larger group of users. This eliminated the need for each worker to have a printer and ensured that the one printer provided was not underutilized. In addition, LANs allowed data to be called up directly on other workers’ computers, providing immediate communication and eliminating the need for paper. The most common application was in interoffice communications, or electronic mail (e-mail). Messages could be directed to one or several people and copied to several more over the LAN. As a result, an e-mail system became something of an official record of communications between workers. Addressees became obligated to respond to e-mail messages in a timely manner because their failure to answer could be easily documented for supervisors. Personal computers transformed LANs from mere shared processors to fully integrated communication devices. With processing power distributed among several computers, the mainframe’s main role was eclipsed and complex processing, administrative functions, and data file storage became the job of a new device, the file server. Today, there are many different types of LANs. For example, many Macintosh computers use AppleTalk, while IBM computers commonly use Ethernets. (http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Inc-Mail/Local-Area-Networks-LANS.html#b) Conceptual Framework Input Process Output Figure 1.0 IPO (Input-Process-Output of the Proposed System) The figure above shows the conceptual framework of the proposed study. The framework encapsulates the major functionalities that take place in a  payroll information management system. It helps understand the flow of the system to be more precise and easier. The proposed system will ask the user, particularly the employee, to input their detailed personal information that will be saved as soon as they click the submit button which will output as their records and later on be retrieved as the system requests it. From manual to automated transaction, the system will request for the days to be keyed by the user. Then, the system itself will modify the operation by adding the earned and subtracting the lost points that will automatically result to the total number of days the employee will credit. As soon as the user input the loans, premium, and LWOP, the system is automatically programmed to deduct it to the basic salary pay of the employee which then will result to his/her payroll. Significance of the Study The proponents found the system significant or substantial to create a system that will later be very useful for the department’s different functionalities. The study caters some advantages to the following: School. Specifically, Eastern Visayas State University will also benefit the proponent’s study. Since the proponents are bona fide students of the said prestigious institution, the system won’t be somebody’s establishment or department’s property but by the school itself. The proposed system will actually help the school to promote and perform better services and to satisfy individual’s satisfaction within the civic and in society in general. This will however aid the university to uphold its mission and vision. Management. The department of course will be the first one to benefit the proponent’s study because it would mean a great relief for them. As a result, an upgraded and improved way of processing staff’s important records as well as dealing out payroll transactions cautiously is at hand. This states more paper works reduction, data’s security, proper usage of manpower, lessening the company’s expenses which can be used in their other  expenses , as well as an increased productivity of the office. Employees. All because the activities happen inside the department will turn out to be electronically, expectedly it will allows employees to exchange information with greater ease without the need to count on paper loads. They will find it easier to transact about their records since searching in the system is faster than tracking in the record book or log book. A solution on dealing non-strategic and ordinary task is within their grasp. Working with this proposed system is such an exciting way, indeed. Proponents. The proposed study will let the proponents calculate themselves on how far they have gone through creating and developing the system. They can certainly identify whether the knowledge and effort they executed or exerted are sufficient enough for accomplishing the project. If so, this may lead them to cultivate their abilities & knowledge more. Or at best, through their experiences as well as expertise, the proponents could even make a better and complex system for the future purposes. Future researcher/s. This project will be of great help and is very significant to the future researcher/s for this will serve as their guide and reference in creating a payroll system especially those who are in line of Information Technology field. They can also use the system for information purposes. And at the same time, they can even upgrade or enhance the mentioned system. Scope and Delimitations of the Study This study concentrates and focuses on the improvement of a more organized and paperless payroll information management system for the EVSU – Human Resource Management Office. The system would be of great service to the department as well as the school itself, as it will reduce the mind numbing tasks and the countless stuff to be accomplished when using a manual payroll system. The department will speed up furnishing and securing computations of the employee’s workforce. It will also cover some features of payroll and information of each staff of the school. Furthermore, associated matters about the payroll transaction of the EVSU – Human Resource Management Office: the institution give the employees it’s  entitled basic pay to each staff according to its designated positions. To compute their number of hours worked, the employees provide their computerized DTRs to the staff in the HRMO, released from their biometric records. The end users of the system inputs the wage of a certain employee in a span of a month since the payroll takes place monthly, multiplied from the percentage of the deductions. Subtracted from the basic pay is the wage of the certain employee. The monthly salary is divided by two as the 15th and 30th of the month. Deductions taken are: GSIS, Philhealth, and Pagibig. However, the computations for the withholding taxes to subtract from its basic pay are not involved in the system for the accounting department has its access in these matters. The proposed Payroll Information Management System for EVSU – Human Resource Management Office does not support online program or online transaction. Therefore, Employees cannot inquire their salaries or earnings through internet. It is designed for a small topology suitable for a small and medium size. The proposed system has 5 to 6 admins that can solely and exclusively access the said system. Only the said admins can edit and update the payroll presented in the system. The system can add, modify and update the employees. It can also view personal and private information about the staffs. The proposed Payroll Information Management System for EVSU – Human Resource Management Office. Definition of Terms Payroll. This refers to a sum of all financial records of salaries for employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during certain period of time. Basic Pay. This refers to monthly rate divided by the number of working day multiplied by the number of days worked. Daily Time Record/DTR. This refers  to a record of how a person’s time has been spent. It is used to calculate pay, asses the efficient use of time, or charge for work done. Database. This refers to an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, it is usually in digital form. Deduction. This refers to business expenses or losses which are legally permitted to be subtracted from the gross revenue of a firm in computing its taxable income. Loan. This refers to funds transferred from one party to another payment for purchased goods or services. Net Pay. This refers to the remaining amount of an employee’s gross pay, after deductions, such as taxes, and retirement contributions, are made.

Positive Effects of Girls Playing Sports Essay

It is a saying that â€Å"Cleanliness is a part of faith†. Everybody can keep itself neat and clean and maintain his/hers health. But only by cleanliness health is not maintained properly. There is another thing, which is necessary for a fit body and a healthy mind. Sports/extra-curricular activities provide these factors and complete a man/woman. Sports provide people with fitness of body and activeness. Sports cannot be only cricket or football or any other recreational activities. Sports mean activities, which provide relaxation to the body and mind. People maintain their figure through running games as sports and provide relaxation to the mind by playing board games such as chess, scrabble, ludo, checkers and other mind-relaxing games. While many people love fighting sports such as boxing, judo, karate and wrestling. These sports provide flexibility and toughness to the body. While sports provide health and relaxation to the man, it has many benefits. All competitions and leagues are included in women sports. When women and girls were finally encouraged and devoted to this profession, their level to play in sports rose in the late 20th century. Title IX supported the efforts of women athletes in the US. As compared to previous generations women now have more skills, enthusiasm and knowledge to participate and dedicate their lives to this profession. Women athletes now have a strong work aim, motivation to encourage fresh athletes and a mentality to focus on the game. â€Å"In western modern history, few women competed in sports until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Women athletes were frowned upon by society. Due to partly women rights movement, this behavior began to change in many countries. Even now, women athletes or sportswoman are generally fewer in number as compared to men. The reasons for these maybe ill-fated societies and their conservative thoughts, which tend the women to remain in boundaries. Women are even encouraged when there is literacy. Some sports organizations encourage teenage girls to participate in sports and compete with other teams. This is done in high schools as sports day in which few girls participate and majority count is of boys. Schools encourage girls to be active and participate in sports, but wherever they reach maturity and tend to become successful sportswomen they are many times discouraged. This act generally refers to superiority of boys. In modern times women have had to fight for the right to be athletic competitors. Ancient Olympics did not allow women spectators to enter the game field or participate in the athletes. However, a separate women’s athletic event known as the Heraea Games was eventually developed†. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_sports) In olden days women were considered to sit at homes and dedicate their lives to home professions such as cooking, sewing and taking care of babies etc. Nowadays, in the modern era, where women have almost won the mankind race from the man in every field, they have also mastered in sports. Many women are famous in their sports like Stephie Graff (Germany), Maria Sharapova and Sania Mirza in tennis. The world’s famous athletic player Nadia is from Moscow. Women sports also tend them not to only stay at home but to enjoy social gatherings and avoid the marriages at what stage they want. Many conservative people think that girls should be married before they reach maturity. This makes small teenage girls pregnant in small ages and they could not look after themselves. Sports avoid these practices as a sportswoman has to look after her profession and she before popularity does not agrees to end her career. There are no negative aspects of women who start exercising when they are mature, are they tend to remain fit and fine at every age, if they do not take life stresses as major problems and began to exercise sensibly. However according to the American College of Sports Medicine, exercise causes women too have eating disorders and develop osteoporosis. This makes what is commonly known as ‘female athlete triad’. Healthy exercises however do not lead to the eating disorders and does not cause osteoporosis and other diseases. Reports suggest that by playing sports women sweat and this leads towards their healthy body. Comparing to exercising women, those who skip and jump can also maintain fitness but eventually they have fractures in their legs. Even when fit women take too distress for themselves they develop weak bones for their healthy and fit bodies. Teenage girls who do not participate in sports do not have an accurate figure, while the ones who participate in extra-curricular activities have accurate figures; healthy minds and they have big heights. Surveys suggest that short-heightened men or women can grow their heights at any age by joining sports and jumping or skipping. (http://www.cemcor.ubc.ca/articles/misc/exercise_positive_view.shtml) â€Å"In contrast to the negative concepts about exercise for women’s cycles, there are several ways in which exercising is positive for women’s hormones, health and bones. These ways include decreasing premenstrual symptoms, increasing bone density, controlling weight and preventing diabetes, preventing breast and uterus cancers, and decreasing the risks for heart attacks†.(http://www.cemcor.ubc.ca/articles/misc/exercise_positive_view.shtml)       Conclusion According to scholarly articles, the result is this that women should participate in recreational activities such as sports as through these activities they can control on their diet and their body type. Women who participate in these activities could curb and prevent diseases like breast cancer, diabetes and leg pains. In this era, women should have to compete with men in the mankind race and this could only be possible with a healthy body and a sharp mind which can only be obtained by activities like sports. References Women’s sports – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_sports Retrieved February 17, 2007 A Positive View of Women’s Exercise, Menstrual Cycles and Ovulation http://www.cemcor.ubc.ca/articles/misc/exercise_positive_view.shtml Retrieved February 17, 2007   

Describe and Discuss the Multistore Model of Memory Essays

Describe and Discuss the Multistore Model of Memory Essays Describe and Discuss the Multistore Model of Memory Essay Describe and Discuss the Multistore Model of Memory Essay Describe and Discuss the Multistore Model of Memory The multi-store model of memory was the idea of Atkinson and Shiffrin. Atkinson and Shiffrin suggested that memory was compromised of three separate stores the Sensory Memory store, the Short-term Memory (STM) store, and the Long-term Memory (LTM) store. They presented a diagram to show this. The multi-store model of memory is a theoretical explanation of how memory processes work. It was the first extensively accepted model of how memory works, it is however not the definitive explanation of memory. Information is said to pass through each stage in a fixed sequence. There are limitations of capacity and duration at each separate stage. Information can easily be lost from either of the stages. The first stage of the model is the sensory memory. The name derives from the fact that the information received is sensual, i. e. visual or auditory. In the sensory memory there is a limited ability to store information from the environment in a moderately unprocessed way for less than a second. Information received will either decay or be passed forward to the short term store. In the Short-term store, memory is sorted. Its capacity is 18-30 seconds, and is 7 items on average. Things that need to be remembered for longer than this time pass into the rehearsal loop. In here, memory is rehearsed over and over in the mind, which enables it to be passed into long-term memory store. The Long-term memory store has an infinite capacity and is the main store of memory. It is encoded semantically, which means emotions and feelings of meaning are attached to memories. The multistore model shows this as the third section along the fixed sequence. After passing into the Long-term memory store, memories can be recalled. The psychological community accepted this model in the majority, however the main problem with this model is that it is too simple. Short-term memory and Long-term memory are not stored in one place as this memory sugest, but rather spread out in different parts of the brain. For example, Badderly’s working memory model shows us there are many different sections of Short-term memory, but does not take into account the Sensory memory or Long-term memory aspects of memory. Overall, the multistore memory model is a simplified way of introducing memory to new psychologists. Using models such as Badderly’s to introduce memory would be too complex. So the multistore model is used. It makes it easy for us to learn about memory from no prior knowledge, and sums up in an easy way how memory works. Peter Griffith 20:42 – 28/11/10

Slangy, Trendy Words Are Still Words

Slangy, Trendy Words Are Still Words Slangy, Trendy Words Are Still Words Slangy, Trendy Words Are Still Words By Mark Nichol YOLO, but biatch, lose the moobs. What do these three words have in common? They are all enshrined in the English-speaking world’s long-reigning record of the language’s vocabulary. That’s right: The Oxford English Dictionary now includes YOLO, biatch, and moobs- and many people are not exactly squeeing about that. They think those words are at best cheeseball and at worst clifty, and they make them want to vom. And why should that prestigious publication stoop to validating these clearly dà ©classà © descriptors and the ones I employed in the previous sentences? Certainly, no self-respecting person would utter one of these abominations, would they? Such reactions are emphatically shared in online forums with clockwork regularity, as the OED is updated four times a year. And the counterargument is expressed with equal vigor each quarter: The OED, like any dictionary, is not a museum that exhibits only a circumscribed lexicography acceptable to readers and writers with high standards of self-expression. As should be clear from the frequency with which the OED is expanded, it is a living document that, for better or worse, accepts virtually all comers. It is a record of what English is, not what it should be. (Or, more formally, it is descriptive, not prescriptive.) But shouldn’t people be discouraged from using such execrable vocabulary? That is not the dictionary’s function. But aren’t many of these terms nonce words- ephemeral curiosities? Yes, many will fade away into obscurity, but not all of them will- nor should they. Our language is full of words once considered slang but now widely accepted (and used) without a second thought. The point is that sometime, somewhere, somehow, someone will read or hear YOLO and want to look it up to see what it means, or will want to find out the etymology of moobs. You may not have any reason to check the dictionary to confirm how to spell biatch. But someone will, whether you approve of the term or not. Not all of the new words being uploaded to the OED word-hoard are potentially objectionable (the list also includes the words chefdom, clickbait, and courtside and the open compounds â€Å"card leader† â€Å"cheek kiss,† and â€Å"cheer squad†), but just as, in championing free speech, we must accept (almost) anything someone might say, whether we like it or not, we must be open to not only slang like freemium and slacktivist but more potentially grating terms like the ones I used above. That doesn’t mean you have to like them. (But c’mon, YOLO, right?) Here are definitions of the neologisms I used in this post: biatch: a euphemism for bitch, used as a jocular or sincere insult card reader: a device that reads data from memory-storage devices or from credit cards and similar objects cheek kiss: a kiss on the cheek as opposed to one on the lips or elsewhere cheer squad: a unit of cheerleaders or similar performers cheeseball: a corny or silly person or thing, or a distasteful person or thing chefdom: the state of being a chef, or the community of chefs clickbait: online content with little intrinsic value that is presented to tempt site visits to click to multiple pages clifty: something or someone stupid courtside: the area adjacent to an athletic court freemium: something offered free but with hidden costs (a portmanteau word derived from free and premium) moobs: overdeveloped breasts on a man (a portmanteau word derived from man and boobs); also called man-boobs squeeing: the act of making a noise expressing delight or surprise slacktivist: a person who only superficially supports a cause (a portmanteau word derived from slack and activist) vom: a truncation of vomit YOLO: an acronym that stands for â€Å"You only live once,† expressed to support the decision to enjoy an experience Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two People15 Great Word Games7 Other Types of Pronouns

Jaguar Cars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jaguar Cars - Essay Example Product: Jaguar car is the product in this case. The new XK is available as either Coupe or Convertible, with the option of a normally aspirated 4.2 litre V8 engine or as the Supercharged R version. The XK 4.2L V8 Coup is a 6-Speed automatic car with acceleration 0-60 mph in 5.9 sec with a top speed of 155-250 Kmph. Its fuel efficiency is around 17 kmpl. The company proudly pronounces that Jaguar is dramatically beautiful, powerful and luxurious car. Its available in different variants like Coupe or Convertible, 4.2 litre V8 XK or Supercharged XKR. Ford focuses on its exhilarating lines and muscular intent in next-generation lightweight aluminium to attract the young consumer. Its interior too is designed quite aesthetically. A cockpit designed around the driver - intuitive controls, inspired by a sporting pedigree and tailored to respond precisely on demand. The XK features a host of intelligent technologies, each engineered to empower the driver and enhance the pleasure of driving. Jaguar has axed its S-Type model and replaced it with a new sports saloon called the XF. Place: The Ford Europe and Premier Automotive Group (PAG) recorded strong revenue growth in fiscal 2005. The Ford Europe and PAG primarily include the sale of Fordbrand vehicles in Europe and Turkey as well as sale of PAG brand vehicles. Jaguar form an important component of this brand identity together with Volvo, Land Rover and Aston Martin. Revenues from Ford Europe and PAG reached $60,258 million in 2005, up 11.3% over 2004. Ford Europe and PAG accounted for 34% of total revenues. Growing Ford Europe and PAG has enabled the company to offset revenue decline in the Americas division. Therefore Ford strategically placed its Jaguar brand in UK and other EU nations. From the financial figures so far it appears that Ford's strategy has worked well. In fact, Jaguar pitted couple of its models against BMW, but The S-Type, which was launched as a direct competitor to the BMW 5-Series in 1999 was widely criticized for being overly conservative, and the model is now ready for being discon tinued. Price: The car is competitively priced. The base end 4.2 litre V8 Coup is available with a price tag of 59,995.00. In the fourth quarter of 2006 Ford suffered some losses owing to ending of its employee-discount pricing incentives, rising gas prices, and rising interest rates. Now a days the pricing strategy is also influenced by the growing trend of users purchasing used SUVs. Fuel economy plays a major role in deciding the price factor and attraction for the customers. Promotion: Marketing communication in turn helps a company in building a brand, creating brand loyalties, increase in sales, cutting costs, etc. UK market is a very diverse market in general which caters to customers/ consumers from different walks of life, different cultures, ethnic groups and age groups. In today's market driven economy concept, the art of communication to existing consumers as well as prospective consumers takes a great deal out of the managerial brain storming sessions. Jaguar launched a wide ranging online and mobile campaign in September 2006 for its new XKR sports car, which was officially unveiled at The London Motor Show. Interactive marketing took the lead for the car's launch, with cinema and press advertisement backing up. There were

Bipolar Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bipolar Disorder - Essay Example Johnson, Gustavo J. Rey, Mark A. Blais, Ana Rivas-Vazquez (2002). What is really very alarming about this type of mental disorder is that a lot of people who are afflicted with bi-polar disorder are prone to suicidal thoughts. In fact, about 19% of those who suffer from this disease are exposed to lifetime risk of suicide (Rivas-Vazquez, Rafael A., Sheri L. Johnson, Gustavo J. Rey, Mark A. Blais, Ana Rivas-Vazquez (2002). You see, bi-polar is a chronic disorder meaning it keeps coming back to haunt the sufferer. Bi-poplar disorder is one of the most common chronic and severe mental disorders that often go undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. A lot of people who are suffering from this type of ailment do not even know that they bi-polar disorder and they go through life without even getting treatment for this type of disorder. In most cases, people who have bi-polar disorder are diagnosed with depression (Supplement to The Journal of Family Practice (November 2007). Because of misdiagnosis and poor treatment, many people who are suffering from this disorder has to suffer through severe bouts of mental disturbances without even getting the right type of treatment. This situation can be quite detrimental to the mental state of the patient and may lead the patient to take some drastic measures, such as suicide, to end his or her suffering. Fortunately, this situation can be prevented. Although bi-polar disorder is a complex medical illness that involves the human brain, with proper diagnosis and treatment, a person who is suffering from this type of ailment can eventually recover from a severe episode of bi-polar disorder and lead a normal life. Bi-polar disorder is more commonly known as manic depression. Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual that most psychiatrists use to diagnose mental disorders, the most reliable

Locus of Control, Optimism Levels, and Perseverance during a Essay

Locus of Control, Optimism Levels, and Perseverance during a Frustration Task - Essay Example According to Strain (1993), the concept of Locus of Control has not yet been applied to the study of college students and their ability to persist at school. Individuals with internal Locus of Control are believed to be mentally more aware, able better equipped for learning, and highly motivated as compared to those with external Locus of Control (Stone and Jackson, 1975). It is hypothesised in this report that a higher degree of optimism will correlate with a greater internal Locus of Control in an individual. And that a higher level of pessimism will correlate with a greater external Locus of Control. An optimist will perceive that many aspects of life are controllable and will therefore make efforts and take risks which will promote this belief, thus turning their Locus of Control internal. Whereas pessimists perceive that they are helpless to affect the events happening around them, so they will avoid taking steps to change things and thereby change their Locus of Control to exte rnal. The study of Locus of Control - both internal and external was found to provide valuable evidences on the behaviour and approach of individuals studied in terms of their reactions to marketing approaches where the factor of luck was involved (Tosi, Rizzo, and Mero, 2000). It was found that individuals with internal Locus of Control were more vulnerable to ideas of luck than those with an external orientation Miyazaki, Anthony, and Sprott, 2001). According to Tosi and colleagues (ibid), internal control is often correlated with better and more efficient work control in terms of adjusting to work environment, satisfaction, coping with stress, as well as level of involvement in one's job. While those with an external Locus of Control might exhibit a highly negative approach towards tasks or jobs that require independent action or decision making. A deeper analysis of such negativity or pessimistic behaviour was more deeply examined by Seligman and Martin (1991), these researchers repor t a strong link between pessimism and depression and suggest that the negative acts or behaviours are most often the results of learned helplessness. In this present study, those with an internal Locus of Control will likely be able to overcome the challenges presented to them. Individuals with an external Locus of Control will be more likely to have a negative outcome during the evaluations. The tasks presented in this experiment have to do with easily solvable "Non-Frustration" puzzles and unsolvable "Frustration" puzzles. It is expected that there will be a greater degree of perseverance for the "Non-Frustration" puzzles than the "Frustration" puzzles. In regards to GESS scores, the hypothesis is that the higher the score the more likely the test subject will be willing to persevere with a Frustration puzzle than those with a lower GESS score. Similarly, with a higher ICI score the hypothesis is that the subject will have greater perseverance with the Frustration puzzle than thos e with a lower ICI score. In summary, three hypotheses will be tested in this study. Hypothesis 1 is that there exists a relationship between Internal versus External Locus of Control and Optimism and Pessimism as measured by the GESS and ICI. Hypothesis 2 is that the GESS and

Isolation of Casein from Milk and Powdered Milk

Isolation of Casein from Milk and Powdered Milk 1.1 Introduction (Walsh, 2002) stated that, proteins are biological macromolecules composed of amino acids proteins consist of one or more polypeptide which are the chain of amino acids interconnected by peptide bonds.Alberts et al., (2013) detailed that, amino acids of proteins is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic in nature. Therefore the resulting polypeptide chain shows an amphipathic characteristic. Hydrophilic amino acids exist peripherally in some biological system and they are highly water soluble. Whereas some amino acid does not exist the polar groups to the environment. ‘’The most important factors that influence protein solubility are structure, size, charge and the solvent‘’ (Burgess, and Deutscher, 2009). Also Burgess, and Deutscher (2009) stated that, once the precipitation obtained, the solution can be separated by centrifugation or precipitation. ‘’Protein precipitates are aggregates of protein molecular large enough to be visible and to be collected by centrifugation. The distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues at the surface of a protein determines its solubility properties‘’. (Rosenburg, 2006). Precipitation is mainly done for concentrate the target protein. And it is attained by adding reagents such as salts (ammonium sulfate) or organic solvents (acetone or ethanol). (Hatti-Kaul and Mattiasson, 2003) 1.1.1 Isolation of casein Milk contains three kinds of proteins: caseins, lactalbumins, and lactoglobulins, all of which are globular proteins. (Spurlock, 2014). Ahluwalia and Dhingra, (2005) stated that, Casein is a combination of phosphoproteins presenting in milk and cheese.it is existing to the amount of 3% in milk along with 4-5% of lactose and 3-4% of fats and the rest is water. Caseins exist in micelles which are composed of sub micelles linked by the characteristic of hydrocolloid which are freely suspended in the aqueous phase of milk. (Tarte, 2009). Casein can be electrophoretically fractioned into four major components: alpha-, beta-, gamma-and kappa- casein. Casein develops precipitation from milk at pH 4.6, which has a negative charge when compare to the pH of the milk. Therefor it can be precipitate as salt by adding acids. (Miller, Jarvis and McBean, 2006). 1.2 Objectives To learn the methods of protein precipitation and to relate the solubility of protein with its structure. To learn the methods of isolation of casein from milk and to determine the percentage of casein presented in the (powdered) milk. 1.3 Materials Test tubes Beakers Pipette Clamp Filtering paper Electronic balance Watch glass Bunsen burner Albumin sample Ammonium sulfate Sodium hydroxide Copper sulfate Ethanol Picric acid Lead nitrate Powdered milk Warm water 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Precipitation by salts Albumin, 3.00ml was taken into a test tube, ammonium sulfate was added to it and was mixed until the solution gets saturated. The solution was allowed to stand for about 5 minutes and filtered by using filter paper. The biuret test was done to the filtered solution. 3.00 ml of filtered solution was taken into another test tube and same amount of NaOH was added to it, CuSO4 was added drop by drop. 1.4.2 Precipitation by organic solvents Albumin, 1.00 ml was taken into a test tube using a pipette. And 4.00 ml of ethanol was added .the solution was mixed well and was allowed to stand. 1.4.3 Precipitation by acidic agents Picric acid solution, 1.00 ml was added into 1.00ml of albumin solution. 1.4.4 Precipitation by heavy metal ions Lead nitrate, 8 drops were added into 1.00 ml of albumin. 1.4.5 Precipitation by heat and acid Albumin, 10 ml was taken into a test tube and the upper part of the solution was held over the Bunsen flame. After the observation few drops of 1% acetic acid were added. 1.4.6 Isolation of casein Powdered milk (non-fat), 17.5 g was weighed by using electronic balance and was dissolved by adding 62.5 ml of warm water in a 200ml beaker. Acetic acid (10%) was added in a drop wise manner with stirring until the liquid changes in to clear solution. the obtained solution was filtered by using clamp, filtering material and beaker. The yield casein was allowed to dry and was weighed using electronic balance. Biuret test was done for the filtered solution. 3.00 ml of filtered solution was taken into another test tube and same amount of NaOH was added to it, CuSO4 was added drop by drop. 1.5 Results Test Observation Interference Precipitation by metal ions White color precipitation Proteins can be precipitated by metal ions(positive for proteins) Precipitation by heat and acid Initially cloudy white precipitation was observed on the upper part of the solution and by adding acetic acid white color precipitation was observed. Proteins can be precipitate by heat and acid(positive for proteins) Precipitation by organic solvents White color precipitation was observed Proteins can be precipitate by organic solvents(positive for proteins) Precipitation by acidic agent White color precipitation was observed Proteins can be precipitate by acidic agents. (positive for proteins) Precipitation of salts Biuret test White color precipitation was observed. Purple color ring was observed Proteins can be precipitate by salts. Positive for proteins. Isolation of casein Biuret test for filtration Casein 13.01g was weighed Purple color ring was formed in filtered casein solution Yield %= Ãâ€" 100 = Ãâ€" 100 = 74.30% Positive for proteins. 1.6 Discussions Precipitation of protein can be obtained by isoelectric precipitation method. ‘’isoelectric precipitation is the most widely used method’ (Fox and McSweeney, 2003). Proteins can be precipitated by bringing their pH to its isoelectric point in which protein solubility is very low. (Shankara, 2008) Proteins can be precipitate by salts in two ways, half saturation with ammonium sulfate and full saturation with ammonium sulfate. Rashmi, (2002) stated that, different proteins show different precipitation reaction towards diverse agents. The full saturation with ammonium sulfate was done in the laboratory. Also the filtrate was tested by biuret reagent, resulted purple color. ‘Compounds with two or more peptide bonds give a violet color with alkaline copper sulfate’ (Rashmi, 2002) Proteins are strong in solution when they are enclosed by entirely hydrogen-bonded water molecules, as water molecules with additional hydrogen bonding ability have greater entropy and are more aggressive. (Chaplin, 2014) hydrated sphere decrease the non -polarity. Higher the diameter of the sphere higher the solubility. For an example, it is easy to precipitate globulin from proteins by adding salts, than albumin because globulin has small diameter of hydrated sphere when compare to albumin. The similar concept is used in precipitating proteins by organic solvents and acidic agents. Organic solvents remove the hydrated sphere and decrease solubility resulting increase precipitation. Acids neutralize the polarity of the hydrated sphere and decrease solubility in order to increase precipitation. Denaturation occur on heating or adding acidic agents to proteins. Therefor its change the polarity of a protein by changing the arrangements of polar and non-polar groups within the molecule. Less polarity decrease the solubility and increases the precipitation. Precipitation by heavy metal ions lead nitrate was used instead of lead acetate or mercuric nitrate. Shankara(2008) stated that, metal ions which are positively charged interrelate with negatively charged groups of the protein producing precipitation as metal-proteinate complex. According to the percentage of yield and from the result of biuret test of the filtrate, there can be some proteins present in the filtrate. Because, the milk contains about 3.5% protein by weight and of the total protein, about 80% is casein and 20% is whey protein. (Miller, Jarvis and McBean, 2006) Filtration of casein can be done in two ways. Such as, gravitational filtration and sucktional filtration. 1.7. Conclusion Proteins were precipitated by using metal ions, heat, organic solvents, acidic agents and salts. The percentage of yield casein of the sample is 74.30%. References Ahluwalia, V. and Dhingra, S. (2005). College Practical Chemistry. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=1OgRECl_nwMCpg=PA276dq=isolation+of+caseinhl=ensa=Xei=s0rBU_jZEtOzuATSzICACgved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=isolation of caseinf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Alberts, B., Bray, D., hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Walter, P. (2013). Essential Cell Biology, Fourth Edition. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=Cg4WAgAAQBAJpg=PA371dq=proteins+and+hydrophilic+and+hydrophobichl=ensa=Xei=oj7BU-jdAYaUuATRyYCwDgved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=proteins and hydrophilic and hydrophobicf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Burgess,, R. and Deutscher, M. (2009). Guide to Protein Purification. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=f6Lp4yna4hoCpg=PA118dq=protein+precipitationhl=ensa=Xei=W-jAU4icLtChugSK0IDoDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=protein precipitationf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Chaplin, M. (2014). Home | London South Bank University. [Online] Www1.lsbu.ac.uk. Available at: http://www1.lsbu.ac.uk/ [Accessed 13 Jul. 2014]. Fox, P. and McSweeney, P. (2003). Advanced Dairy Chemistry: Volume 1: Proteins, Parts AB. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=RMNkAc5PkVECpg=PA5dq=isoelectric+precipitation+of+proteinhl=ensa=Xei=MmPBU4yaIs-SuATO_IKIBgved=0CCsQ6AEwAw#v=onepageq=isoelectric precipitation of proteinf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Hatti-Kaul, R. and Mattiasson, B. (2003). Isolation and Purification of Proteins. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=CdHn45QCU_8Cpg=PA226dq=protein+precipitationhl=ensa=Xei=W-jAU4icLtChugSK0IDoDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=protein precipitationf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Miller, G., Jarvis, J. and McBean, L. (2006). Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Third Edition. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=5tleQ0aLJvoCpg=PA1dq=components+of++milkhl=ensa=Xei=RQzCU8_-EI-_uAS2kYCQBwved=0CD0Q6AEwBw#v=onepageq=components of milkf=false [Accessed 13 Jul. 2014]. Rashmi, J. (2002). A Textbook of Practical Biochemistry. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=wBfAshZ3ZaUCprintsec=frontcoverdq=bio+chemistry+lab+practicalshl=ensa=Xei=XGrBU6i9ENWRuASr9oL4Bwved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=bio chemistry lab practicalsf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Rosenburg, (2006). Protein Analysis and Purification. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=gi-UgCF8G6ECpg=PA143dq=protein+precipitationhl=ensa=Xei=W-jAU4icLtChugSK0IDoDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=protein precipitationf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Shankara, (2008). Practical Biochemistry 2008. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=nPphGdHO_XcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=bio+chemistry+lab+practicalshl=ensa=Xei=XGrBU6i9ENWRuASr9oL4Bwved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=bio chemistry lab practicalsf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Spurlock, D. (2014). Deborah Spurlocks Chemistry Homepage. [Online] Homepages.ius.edu. Available at: http://homepages.ius.edu/DSPURLOC/ [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014]. Tartà ©, R. (2009). Ingredients in Meat Products. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=C-wrQaaXxj0Cpg=PA132dq=principle+of+milk+proteinhl=ensa=Xei=lgjCU_DhDZGTuASf_oGoAgved=0CCcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=principle of milk proteinf=false [Accessed 13 Jul. 2014]. Walsh, G. (2002). Proteins. [Online] Google Books. Available at: http://books.google.lk/books?id=EXTEjL2wTnYCprintsec=frontcoverdq=proteinhl=ensa=Xei=oEjBU4nXFZeTuAS62YGYDQved=0CD8Q6AEwBg#v=onepageq=proteinf=false [Accessed 12 Jul. 2014].

Nostradamus Essay -- essays research papers fc

Nostradamus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 16th century, a French doctor and prophet, Michel de Nostradame, was born. He gained his fame when his predictions of the death of King Henry II of France came true. Nostradamus, as he is also known, wrote a ten volume book, The Centuries, filled with prophecies. He became a man that people from all over the world came to see to seek his counsel. Nostradamus had a life filled with many twists and turns and has made many prophecies that have come true during the twentieth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His grandfathers were the first people to notice his display of talent for prophecy when Nostradamus was very young. His grandfathers taught him a wide range of subjects: classical literature, history, medicine, astrology, and herbal folk medicine. At the age of fourteen, he went to study in the city of Avignon. In 1522, at the age of nineteen, he enrolled in the University of Montpellier as a medical student. After only three years, he passed the oral and written examinations for his degree (Hogue 12-5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With his medicine license in his hand, Nostradamus went to practice in the countryside, far away from his professors. During the 1500’s, Southern France suffered from a chronic form of the bubonic plague. Nostradamus started going to plague-stricken households to try to help the sick. He followed the plague through Southern France and he never left a town until everyone sick was well (Hogue 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nostradamus was also a master astrologer who studied the movements of the stars and planets in relation to each other. He believed his gift of sight had â€Å"divine intervention.† He was sought out by wealthy citizens to tell them their horoscopes â€Å"and by their wives for his advice on cosmetics.† (Hogue 15). He wrote a book on the doctors and pharmacists he met throughout his travels in Southern Europe. He would stay with some of them during the day helping them heal the sick. By night, he became their pupil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1529, Nostradamus returned to Montpellier for his doctorate degree. After this he decided to set up a more permanent practice in 1534 in Toulouse. He then decided to move to the town of Agen. He soon became the town of Agen’s most eligible bachelor. In Agen, he married and had two children, a boy and a girl. It was ... ...re money without having any gold and silver to back it up. Some feel that this has been fulfilled and possibly will be fulfilled again in the future. (Hogue 149.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 22, 1963. The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) in Dallas, Texas. Nostradamus not only saw the death of a man who could have been America’s greatest leader, but he also saw events and people that no one today is certain of, the killers. He gives hints that JFK was to be a great president. One quatrain describes Kennedy as a two term president.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nostradamus led a very interesting life. I personally believe that he was a wonderful man and could really see into the future. Read his quatrains and you too will be convinced that this man predicted even some of the events that have occurred in mine and your lifetimes, during the 20th century. 6 Works Cited Hogue, John. Nostradamus and the Millennium. New York: Doubleday and Company,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inc., 1987. Roberts, Henry C. The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus. New York: Nostradamus,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inc., 1979.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Reading and Writing Development

Reading and Writing Development Tyesha Woods March 10, 2013 ADE/202 Susan Clark The two age groups that I have chosen are early childhood and middle childhood. Early childhood ranges from two to six years of age and middle childhood ranges from six to ten years of age. In the beginning stages of early childhood the child would not be reading or writing just yet. But they would be starting to learn how to read and to write. They should be learning how to recognize letters and how to put them together to form words.At the end of this stage the child should be able to read and write, or they should be at the beginning stages of reading and writing. The beginning stages of middle childhood the child should be at the beginning stages of reading and writing. By the end of the middle childhood the child’s reading and writing skills should be more advance. They should be able to read at a higher level. They should be able to take spelling words and look them up in the dictionary, writ e out the words, and make the words into sentences. For the children in early child the material that I would use would be handouts.The handouts will have the letters for the kids to trace. Then they would a beginners reading book. They would have to read the book and they would have to write about what they read. Another thing that I would do, is give the children an assignment where they had to match up the word with the picture. For example if the handout had pictures of a dog, cat, kite and cow the child would have to match the word with the picture. That should help with the reading aspect. For the writing I would have the child write the words out two times each. The material that I would use for the children in middle childhood is vocabulary and reading.I would give spelling words and assign to read a book. As far as the spelling words the first thing that I would do is have the students write out the words five times each so that they can get know the words. The second thing that I would do is, have the children look up the words in the dictionary. Another thing that I would do is having the students make sentences out of the words that I have given them. The finale thing that I would do is to give the students a spelling test. Now for the reading I would assign the children a book to read and the students, would have to read a few pages at a time.By the end of the week the student should finished the book, and as a weekend assignment they would have to write a small book report. The book report would have to tell what they read. I would also ask the children to write down the words that they did not understand. So, that I could take the words and turn them into spelling words. I would do this so that children would have a better understanding of the words that the children did not understand. I feel that these methods will help the children to improve their reading and writing skills. For both groups I would ask the parents to get involved with the ch ildren’s schoolwork.I would ask the parents to make sure that the kids do the work when the children are home. I will give the children work packets to take home so that they can keep practicing their work. The work that I would give would be done when the kids have spring break or on the weekend. I would do this so that the kids will not forget what they have learned in school. I would not give so much work that it would take away from the kids time off, but just enough to keep them sharp when it comes to their school work. I would recommend that the parents do the work with the children for two hours out of the day.The parents and the teachers need to work together. That is why I keep saying that the parents can help the child; the teachers can help the child while they are at school. The parents help at home by making sure that the child does the schoolwork and the teacher will check to make sure that the child did the work. If the parents and the teachers work together th ey can both help the child to strengthen their reading and writing skills. References Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. (2004). Child Development: Educating and Working with Children and Adolescents. Retrieved from Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, ADE202 website.

To What Extent Was the Growth of the Enlightenment Movement?

The growth of the Enlightenment movement was a key long term cause of the French revolution as it questioned the current state of France and challenged unjust class systems. However, there were a number of other long term causes that led to the French revolution. The structure of the Royal government and French society had created restlessness amongst the third estate for quite some time leading to the French revolution. The taxation system was seen as highly unjust amongst the third estate as well and can be seen as an underlying long term cause for the French revolution.The growth of the Enlightenment movement was a major long term cause for the French Revolution. The Enlightenment were a group of intellectual writers and thinkers from Europe in the 18th century whose aim was to apply rational analysis to all activities. This meant they put great emphasis on the unjust systems in place which meant the poorest group had to pay the most taxes, creating a voice for the unhappy third e state and giving them confidence to speak out. This in turn led to the third estate coming together in cascade of anger and uproar against the current system, leading to the French revolution.In addition, the most famous thinkers, Volataire and Montesqieu, were not prepared to accept tradition and attacked the church and despotic government. Their ideologies attracted nearly all of the third estate creating a huge group of people believing in change. This in turn led to the majority of France being ready to challenge the government and monarchy and causing the revolution to start. The Enlightenment movement was very critical of the Ancien regime which influenced many radical thinkers at the time who were ready to lead France against the rich minority.It’s this leadership which got the wheels of the revolution in motion; therefore, the Enlightenment movement played a key part in the occurrence of the French revolution. The structure of the Royal Government was a very important long term cause of the French revolution. King Louis XIV believed that God had given him the divine right to rule and therefore felt the French people should obey him without question. This idea infuriated the large majority of the third estate as there was no clear logical reason why they should obey the King, resulting in restlessness amongst 85% of the population.This long term struggle with the idea of an absolute monarch developed into anger and ultimately led to mass uproar and the French revolution. Furthermore, King Louis XVI had complete power over all aspects of France, ultimately meaning he could do what he wanted. This meant that the third estate had no way of communicating or fashioning a way of improving their lives, leaving them trapped in a life of poverty. This therefore left them no choice but to use physical violence and action to try and get out of their dire circumstances, resulting in a revolution.The taxation system was highly unjust in France during the 18th century and was a key long term cause for the revolution. Firstly, peasants who made up 85% of the population but lived in dire poverty had to pay the most taxes, including Taille, Capitation and Tithe tax. This left the third estate with only just enough to survive which created great anger amongst them as the rich paid nothing. This corrupt taxation system left the third estate trapped in a life of poverty leaving them no choice but to revolt if they wanted any chance of a better life.In addition to this, the clergy and nobility, the two rich estates were exempt from taxes. This illogical system compounded with the Enlightenments highlighting of how unjust France was finally led the majority of France to rise up against their unfair position, in the only way they could through a mass revolution. The final long term cause that played a major in the outbreak of the French revolution was the structure of French society. Firstly, the clergy and nobility collectively took up only arou nd 5% of the population yet they owned a vast amount of land compared to the 85% of the third estate who owned no land at all.This meant they had huge amounts of money tied up in land and a constant food supply which the third estate did not. This structure of class left the third estate in poverty yet they saw the riches of the two upper estates when they worked their land daily. This in turn created mass anger which had built up over time leading to a collective plea for change, displayed by the outbreak of the revolution. Furthermore, the two upper estates had great power and could sway the king’s decisions to an extent. This was shown when Louis tried to reform tax with Turgo but nobility quickly disagreed and Louis then sacked Turgo.The power the two upper estates possessed created great unrest amongst the third estate as they felt they deserved more power due to the fact that they paid the majority of taxes. The fact that they had no bargaining powers forced them to try and bring about change in the way of revolution, therefore, highlighting the fact that the structure of French society was key long term cause for the revolution. Overall, all the four causes had some bearing on the outbreak of the French Revolution, however, some more than others.The growth of the enlightenment movement did influence many radical revolutionaries into taking action and created a collective group ready for change, but I feel that it was not the key underlying cause which made people revolt. I believe that the structure of French society was the main cause for the French revolution as it left the third estate trapped in poverty for a long period of time while the upper two estates prospered in a life of luxury. This ultimately left the third estate no option but to take radical action to try and bring about change and is therefore the main reason for the outbreak of the French revolution.